An Entry in Juliet’s Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party Essay

An accession in Juliets Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party(remember, Juliet is just 14)Dearest Diary,Tonight I met him. He was so beautiful He even has a name that would roll of ones tongue.Romeo. How wonderful of a sound that brings to my ears. I wish, I hope, in fact, I know that he is my lord. The one and only lord that I motivation to have for my entire life. And, can you believe how amazing he is? Do you know what he did after the party tonight? He crept back onto the causal agent of my fathers house and climbed up the side of the balcony to catch a glimpse of me. Oh, can you believe that The Nurse said that he was quite lovable too Oh those eyesthose lips. I cant believe how incredibly lucky I am to have met him. It was almost as if it was fate for the t... An Entry in Juliets Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party EssayAn Entry in Juliets Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party(remember, Juliet is just 14)Dearest Diary,Tonight I met him. He was so beautif ul He even has a name that would roll of ones tongue.Romeo. How wonderful of a sound that brings to my ears. I wish, I hope, in fact, I know that he is my lord. The one and only lord that I motivation to have for my entire life. And, can you believe how amazing he is? Do you know what he did after the party tonight? He crept back onto the suit of my fathers house and climbed up the side of the balcony to catch a glimpse of me. Oh, can you believe that The Nurse said that he was quite harming too Oh those eyesthose lips. I cant believe how incredibly lucky I am to have met him. It was almost as if it was fate for the t...

Violence in Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Education Essays

Violence among youth, especially in schools, is one of American societys most pressing concerns. It is also a source of controversy. era no recent nationwide study of the real extent of youth violence is available, small-scale and regional studies indicate that youth violence is increasing, at least(prenominal) slightly. In addition, youth, like adults, are now much frequently using guns instead of fists to settle disputes. Youth violence had once been thought to be an urban public school problem a consequence of poverty and family dysfunction, but stable suburban and rural communities are now also experiencing it, as are private schools. While early intervention is absolutely necessary to serving prevent violence, I believe all school operations and staff essential be directly involved to effectively reduce the crime. There is sometimes a contradiction between school policies and practice. Many districts and schools hold comprehensive regulations for traffic with vi olence, but enforcement may be uneven or lax. This creates a situation where teachers do not feel supported when they impose discipline, students do not feel protected, and the violence- prone think they will not be punished. Conversely, administrators express dismay that teachers do not enforce policies in their classrooms. Despite these inconsistencies, many promising types of anti-violence strategies arrest been devised by government, communities, and schools. Most have originated in urban areas, where youth violence was first identified. Elementary education training in anger management, impulse control, discernment of diversity, and mediation and conflict resolution skills can help prevent youth from engaging in violence as they mature. Early discussions about the negative consequences of ringing membership, and providing children with peremptory ways of getting personal needs met, can protect them from future gang recruitment efforts. Educating young children about t he use of guns is also valuable, since accidents have happened as a result of childrens naivete about their danger. Even more than violence prevention in general, effective anti-gang strategies require establishment of a positive school climate, good communications and security, a staff trained in crisis intervention, and a coordinated effort. They also require that schools not only acknowledge a gang presence, but that they ... ...ruptive students. Since at-risk students respond positively to personal attention, teachers can help youth resist violent impulses and the lure of drugs and gangs by offering them extra help with their schoolwork, referrals, informal counseling, or even just a sympathetic ear. In all communities it is likely that sometimes anti-violence work will be compromised by deprivation of resources and time, and that even the most dedicated individuals will feel frustrated. Early evaluations of well-organized programs suggest that success is possible, though and statistics demonstrating an increase in youth violence, however slight, indicate that more effort is necessary. Works CitedAscher, Carol. Gaining Control of Violence in the Schools a View from the Field, New York ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, 1994.Hill, Marie Somers. Creating Safe Schools What Principals can do, Thousand Oaks, CA Corwin Press, 1994.Rubel, Robert J. The intractable School Disorders, Disruptions, and Crimes, Lexington, MA Lexington Books, 1977.Walker, H. M. Antisocial Behavior in School Strategies and Best Practices. Pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1995.

Willing and Knowing :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Willing and KnowingABSTRACT This paper discusses W. K. Cliffords classic paper, The Ethics of Belief, and the significance of his use of the locution knowingly and willingly in the context of morally ir responsible for(p) ignorance. It is argued that this locution can point to a very elusive and important distinction in the premisses of ethically responsible belief formation. An analysis of willful ignorance is then given. It is argued that, strictly speaking, there is no such thing as willful ignorance what is called willful ignorance in ordinary phrase is just the phenomena of getting oneself knowingly to believe something by willingly and knowingly altering the evidence for ones belief, rather than the genuine phenomenon of getting oneself willingly to believe something against the evidence. The cause phenomenon is not, however, morally approvable. Therefore, willfulness of belief is not a necessary condition of morally irresponsible ignorance. 1. There is a very famous passag e in W. K. Cliffords classic paper The Ethics of Belief in which Clifford describes a ship take iner who deceives himself to believe that his ship is seaworthy by knowingly and willingly ignoring the evidence to the contrary, ie. by knowingly and willingly changing the evidential land site that determines the content of his belief. According to Clifford, the shipowners mental behaviour is unethical. He has no right to believe that the ship is seaworthy on such evidence as is out front him. He is knowingly and willingly ignorant of the real condition of the ship and, as a consequence, carries moral responsibility for the consequences of his evil state of mind, consequences highlighted by the deaths of passengers and man when the ship goes down.The question of why Clifford uses the words knowingly and willingly when he describes the way in which the shipowner makes himself ignorant of the real condition of the ship is significant not only to Cliffords own theory but to the ethics o f belief in general. One commentator (see Haack, forthcoming) has recently argued that Clifford really means willful ignorance and just lacks in subtlety when he says knowingly and willingly. The motive behind this interpretation is the view that only a person who is willfully ignorant of the evidence against her belief can carry moral responsibility for the consequences of the belief. In particular, involuntary ignorance, according to this view, has no such effect. I question this interpretation. In particular, I question the idea that the description of the shipowners ignorance as knowingly and willingly undertaken is somehow less subtle than its description as willfully undertaken.

The Catholic Church: A Cult In Mainstream Society Essay -- essays rese

When one hears of a cult, one thinks of organizations such as the Church of Scientology, the Jehovahs Witnesses, and small fanatical groups such as the lying of God. According to Robert J. Lofton, author of Letters to an Elder, there are two kinds of cults those that use mind- simplicity, and those that do not. Lofton describes eight characteristics of destructive mind-control cults, saying, If any group exercises all eight of these control elements, they are, in fact a destructive mind control cult. Loftons characteristics are Environmental Control, Mystical Manipulation, Demand for artlessness, Cult of Confession, Sacred Science, Loading the Language, Doctrine over Person, and Dispensing of Existence. These eight characteristics are found not wholly in the organizations mentioned earlier, but also in more mainstream organizations. The Roman Catholic Church exhibits all eight characteristics very strongly, making it fit the profile of a destructive mind-control cult. Loftons fir st characteristic, Environmental Control, refers to the manner in which the cult keeps its members from becoming disillusioned about the cult though outside sources or ex-members. Members can be physically separated from society or they can be warned to stay away from media that might provoke critical thinking. In 1934, the Catholic Church formed The swarm of Decencyto combat immoral movies. The Legion of Decency rated movies, periodicals, and other such materials and set the standard for Catholics across the world. The Legion condemned such movies as saviour Christ for blasphemy and heresy, as well as recommending against many other movies of questionable nature. The Legion controlled the environment of Catholics and isolated them from media that was critical of the Church or was deemed remote for viewing by Catholics. The second characteristic of destructive mind-control cults is Mystical Manipulation. Leaders of the cult become mediators for God the cult and its beliefs become the only true row to salvation. By providing the only way for members to reach salvation, the cult becomes a necessary and inescapable part of the members life. In the Catholic Church, the pontiff is said to be in contact with God, and to have a greater measure of communication with him than the other members of the Church. On a local level, each priest is the congregati... ...he American Religious Scene. Doubleday New York, 1971Karson, Jill. Cults. Greenhaven Press CA, 2000.Kavanaugh, Father James. A Modern Priest Looks at His Outdated Church. Trident New York, 1967.Kephart, Rick. A Brief History of the Legion of Decency. 4 Nov 2000 .McCabe, Joseph. Catholics The Most Priest-Ridden Of All People. The Tyranny of the Clerical Gestapo. 4 Nov. 2000. .Miller, MaryAnn. Coping With Cults. Rosen Publishing Group New York, 1990. Noll, Richard. When Catholics Die imperishable Life or Eternal Damnation? The Olive Press SC, 1999.ONeill, James M. universality and American Freedom. Harper New York, 1952.Science and the Church. New Advend Catholic Encyclopedia. 4 Nov. 2000 .Shields, Currin. Democracy and Catholicism in America. McGraw-Hill New York, 1958. Sikorski, R. J. Letters to an Elder. 4 Nov. 2000 .Wells, H.G. Crux Ansata An indictment of the Roman Catholic Church. American Atheist Press TX, 1981.

“The Chrysanthemums”: An Early Depiction of Gender’s Role :: Literary Analysis, John Steinbeck

The traditional role of women in the American society has transformed as society has trended towards sexual equality. In the late(prenominal) women were expected to be submissive to the patch and were looked upon as homemakers rather then providers. Modern day women enjoy the freedom of individuality and are considered as adequate as men in many regards. John Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, portrays a womans struggle with accepting her life and role as a female (459). Through the protagonist-female character, Elisa Allen, and the symbolism of chrysanthemums, Steinbeck displays the gender roles that define past generations of womens lives in the United States. Elisa Allen embodies the image of a naive woman eager to escape the confines of a gender defined role in society. Readers are introduced to Elisa as a 35 course of study old, strong woman living with her husband, total heat, on a ranch in Salinas Valley (Steinbeck 460). Elisas masculinity is highlighted from th e attire she is wearing to the strength in her hands. Henry affirms that Elisa is capable in her endeavors when he states, youve got a gift with things, in regards to her garden (Steinbeck 460). Even though Elisa is delighted at Henrys suggestion that she work in the orchard, the idea does not seem to get a second thought (Steinbeck 460). The idea of a woman running(a) in the orchard is dismissed on the premise that the orchard is not a womans place. In Elisas account with the man in the wagon, her sexuality exudes in her graphic explanation of picking off the flower buds and being under the stars, to the point that she almost physically touches the man (Steinbeck 463). Her rely would go unsatisfied, as it would not be appropriate for her to act on her impulse. Elisa is searching for fulfillment in life but finds her role to be trivial. Intrigued by the idea of traveling, as the gentleman in the wagon does, she states, It must be very nice. I wish women could do such things. She i s shot beat as the man replies, It aint the right kind of a life for a woman (Steinbeck 464). This conversation clearly depicts the prevalent inequality of the sexes. Furthermore, at a time the man leaves in the caravan Elisa cements her urge for something more, looking out at the horizon whispering, Thats a bright direction. Theres a glowing there (Steinbeck 464-465).

“The Chrysanthemums”: An Early Depiction of Gender’s Role :: Literary Analysis, John Steinbeck

The traditional role of women in the American society has transformed as society has trended towards sexual equality. In the past women were expected to be tame to the man and were looked upon as homemakers rather then providers. Modern day women enjoy the freedom of individuality and are considered as qualified as men in many regards. John Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, portrays a womans struggle with accepting her life and role as a female (459). with the protagonist-female character, Elisa Allen, and the symbolism of chrysanthemums, Steinbeck displays the gender roles that define past generations of womens lives in the United States. Elisa Allen embodies the image of a simple woman eager to lam the confines of a gender defined role in society. Readers are introduced to Elisa as a 35 year old, strong woman sust personalment with her husband, Henry, on a ranch in Salinas Valley (Steinbeck 460). Elisas masculinity is highlighted from the attire she is wearing to the strength in her hands. Henry affirms that Elisa is capable in her endeavors when he states, youve got a gift with things, in regards to her garden (Steinbeck 460). Even though Elisa is delighted at Henrys suggestion that she melt down in the orchard, the idea does not seem to get a second thought (Steinbeck 460). The idea of a woman working in the orchard is dismissed on the premise that the orchard is not a womans place. In Elisas account with the man in the wagon, her sexuality exudes in her graphic explanation of picking off the flower buds and being under the stars, to the point that she almost physically touches the man (Steinbeck 463). Her desire would go unsatisfied, as it would not be appropriate for her to act on her impulse. Elisa is searching for fulfillment in life but finds her role to be trivial. Intrigued by the idea of traveling, as the gentleman in the wagon does, she states, It must be very nice. I wish women could do such things. She is shot down as the man repl ies, It aint the right kind of a life for a woman (Steinbeck 464). This conversation clearly depicts the prevalent inequality of the sexes. Furthermore, once the man leaves in the locomote Elisa cements her urge for something more, looking out at the horizon whispering, Thats a bright direction. Theres a glowing there (Steinbeck 464-465).

Dilemma Of Philosophy Of Education

The decreased visibility and influence of philosophical system of education on the educators community at large needs some deliberation. Rene Arcilla (2002) opened the debate with an essay on the subject. This was discussed with a number of educators who had different opinions with some even denying that there was a malady, age others agreed that while it did exist, the causes for the same were different.Eric Bredo argued that the problem is due to tension between philosophical credibility and making it relevant to education. The present confusion is apparently that of identity. Harvey Siegel on the other hand states that the crisis is only in the minds of philosophers and states that Arcillas argument that philosophers have neglected educators is not valid as educators are not just the K-12 teach personnel. (Arcilla, 2002).Barbara Stengel has identified Arcillas anxiety with his personal dilemma of identity and indicates that if the role of educational philosophy is to integrate between the two then it is time to meet the same through action rather than worrying about it. Kathleen Knight Abowitz seeks a solution to the problem in communication by adoption of miscellaneous approaches by the philosophers of education to include different languages, contexts and concerns of the audiences.Donald Arnstine belongs to the school with does not find any relevance in interaction between philosophers and educators and believes that each operates at a different level and calls for a review of the policy making process. Frederick Ellett feels that there is interaction between philosophers and educators when it involves a level higher than the K-12 educators while Audrey Thomson feels that the problem lies in the unequal relationship wherein philosophy attempts to be the master of the discourse attempting to explain to education how to do better.Gary Fenstermacher is of the view that the issue is overplayed and feels that philosophers and educators are talking with one another. He feels that both are important and right in their own context. On the whole these views of various authors provide many paths for consideration and reflection on the philosophy of education.

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace Like a River

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace identical a River In the new(a) Peace like a River, Leif Enger creates the character Jeremiah grunge as a Christ figure in order to have the characters role as a person whose life is spent serving others. Throughout the novel, there are many miracles performed, and some reckon to obviously connect with Jeremiah. The intent of making Jeremiah a Christ figure comes to fulfillment by the novels end, when Jeremiah sacrifices his life to save his son, Reuben.In the creation of Jeremiah as a Christ figure, Enger reminds the reader of the importance of self-abnegation and apprehension for others, attitudes that make the pains of human experience tolerable. As stated, there are many miracles in the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Reuben sneaks outside to use the bathroom, when he determines his dad, praying in the bed if the truck and he walks straight off and continues walking without falling. At Christmas time, Davy gives Swede a saddle, but it has an unfixable break in the seam, which is miraculously fixed after(prenominal) Jeremiah tripping over it and bringing it up to her room.One night, after Davy had broken out of jail, Tin Lurvy scratch by the Land house and is served soup, but after at least eleven bowls total were served, the pot in which it was made was more than one-half full. Some miracles are very obviously connected to Jeremiah, like his walking off the truck, but there are others that are not so obvious. In the New Testament, Jesus feeds five thousand people with five loaves of bread and three fish, which connects to the somehow refilling pot of soup that Tin Lurvy kept eating.Supposedly, Jeremiah would fag water with some vinegar and that would help Reuben breathe better, but I believe it was Jeremiah himself when he made it for him. There is a point in the novel where the miracles seem to cease. It is the arrival at Roxannas house. They were running on the extremely small amount of brag that appare ntly lasted for the entire morning until the found Roxanna and the gas company. After a while, Jeremiah had decided to court Roxanna, and the miracles stopped after that, for he spent most of his time in the Airstream inherited from Tin Lurvy after his heart attack.Reuben still had trouble breathing, but when Swede made the boiled water for him, it didnt work well. After identifying many facts that support the claim, it is certain that Enger created Jeremiah Land as a Christ figure. But, miracles sometimes being called acts of God, most are not. There are many ordinary miracles happening all over. A woman that works two jobs an still finds time to take her kid to soccer practice a teenager who says no to drugs and yas to an education these are miracles you see each day, all the time, everywhere.

Humanities: Arts Essay

With the advent of the computer age, advanced science and technology have overwhelmed many aspects of our lives, and even our possibilities of survival are affected. The humanities deal provide utilisation and stimulation, especially when we try to understand what it covers.The Meaning, Importance, and Scope of humanitiesThe word humanities come from the Latin humanus, which means human, cultured, and refined. To be human is to have or fork up qualities like rationality, kindness, and tenderness. Humanities refers to the arts the visual arts such as architecture painting and sculpture music move the theater or looseness and literature. They are branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings, and relations. The importance of the human being and his/her feelings and how these are uttered have always been the concern of the humanities.Art is very of the essence(p) in our lives. It constitutes one and only(a) of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man. Wherever race have lived together, art has sprung up among them as a language charge with feeling and significance. The desire to wee this language appears to be universal. As a cultural force, it is pervasive and potent.Art, like have sex it is not blowzy to define. It concerns itself with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of sensuous medium color, sound, bronze, marble, words, and film. This medium is fashioned into a symbolic language marked by beauty of gradula and coherence of form. It appeals to our mind, arouses our e intercommunicates, kindles our imagination, and enchants our senses. (Machils, 1963).In every age or country, there is always art. Wherever we go, wherever it is a city or a province, here or abroad, we surely have to pass buildings of various sorts houses, schools, churches, stores, etc.The art that we perceive through and through our eyes is called the visual art and architecture is one part of it. A visual art involve not only painting and sculpture but includes such things as clothes, household appliances, and the furnishings of our homes, schools, churches, and other buildings. Through the ideas selected by painters and sculptors and the forms they create, they express the ideals, the hopes, and the fears of the times in which they live.The aesthetic aspects of any work a painting, song, story, dance, or play are what make it art. Aesthetic refers to the forms and psychological effects of arts.Another form of the more important arts is music. This is the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions, expressing various ideas and emotions. Its primary function is to entertain. Music is one of the ample arts of our civilization, along with literature, painting sculpture, architecture, and dance.Like the other arts, music deals with emotions. Its being a pure art enables it to convey emotions with great intensity and can affect people directly. Great mu sic specially radiates infectious joy. Many who are receptive to great music find it exhilarating.If we tune into a musical program on the radio, or sing a song with others, we are having contact with music. The song we sing whitethorn be a tune which is commonplace now but may possibly be forgotten later. It may be a selection which has been sung or played for several decades. leap is another form of art that is common to many even during the earliest time. It is the most direct of the arts for it makes use of the human body as its medium. It springs from our love for communicative gestures, release of tension through rhythmic movement. Dance heightens the pleasure of being, and at the same time mirrors the life of society.The dance of the older times is disparate from that of the present time the dance of the barrio folks is different from the dances in the city. Primitives and non-primitives dance. The Ifugaos dance to celebrate the victory of the warriors after fight with t heir enemies. Likewise, the Bagobos dance to show gratitude to the spirits for victory in war or domestic affair. The Indians dance to dedicate thanks for a harvest the Mexicans dance to celebrate a religious festival teenagers dance at parties both young and old go to disco bars and children everywhere dance because it is pleasure to express happiness to bodily movements. In its expressive aspects, dance is uniquely able to intensify moods and emotions and to deepen and dignify the feelings of us all (Comptons Encyclopedia, 1974).The area of the theater of drama is another important art. outstanding activities are usually part of every school and community program. Classes dramatize the events they are studying clubs or organizations and institutions stage plays. The play may be a comedy, tragedy, mystery, musical or melodrama.Essentially, the stage is a place for re-enacting the joys and problems of life, a place where the playwright strips life of nonessentials and deals with staple fiber and important issues. The spectators get involved in these situations and and so gain greater insight into human motives and passions.The motion picture is a popular addition to the various forms of the theater. Through it, a great number of people are able to see dramatic performances every day. The radio makes available drama for the auditory sense of imagination. The television, too, brings the art of drama to many people. Theatrical productions, including motion pictures, and television, combine art forms.The play itself is a form of literature. Scenery and costumes provide the visual arts, and music may serve as a background to clan the mood or to serve as part of the plot. The opera is a drama set to music. Thus, it is a form of the theater. In many musical shows, dancers are also important performers. The theater therefore, combines several of the arts.It is also necessary that we distinguish between art and spirit for they are fundamentally different. We may be strike by the majestic of the perfect cone of Mayon Volcano, the awesome beauty of Pagsanjan Falls or the sunset at Manila Bay and thus, react to the wonders of nature. No subject field how close art is to nature, however, art always shows that it is man-made. It is an interpretation of the nature and of life.What the Arts have in commonWe have identified five areas of art the visual arts, music, dance, literature and drama. But there is one thing that is common to them all. What relates a painting to a song, a play to a dance?The most basic relationship is that the arts are concerned with emotions, with our feelings about things. When a person sees a picture he thinks it is beautiful, or when she watches a play or dance performance, she thinks it is exciting, she feels that it is lovely or stirring. Her reaction is primarily emotional. People experience excitement, pleasure, anger, and all the other emotional states in a way which is very different from their mental response s. Emotions are part of our basic nature.An ArtistAn mechanic is a person who exhibits exceptional skills in design, drawing, painting, etc. or one who works in one of the perform arts, like an actor or a musician. Unlike other people, an artist is more sensitive and more creative. He possesses to an unusual degree the hang for stone, notes, or any of the other materials used by artists. He, thus, learns to project his creative impulse through the symbols of his art a picture, a poem, or a part of music according to his present inspiration and his training. His process of creation, however, differs from that of an amateur or beginner only in degree.There are two kinds of artists creators and performers. A composer writes a song to be sung by talented singers. A dramatist or playwright writes a play to be staged by a company actor. A choreographer composes a ballet or dance sequence which will be performed by a troupe of dancers. Music, theater, and dance are performing arts. B esides the creator, they require other artist who recreates what has been composed. Thus, performers are important.Two great actors may play the same role in Florante at Laura yet convey it vastly different interpretations two dancers may dance the same ballet but render it quite differently. Thus, in performing arts, the ideas and the interpretations of the performer are added to the master key ideas of the creator. This dual contribution gives added richness and meaning to these fields of the arts. It makes them different from painting, for example, in the way by which the creative artists communicate directly with the observer.The work of the creative artistCreativity is an artists trait developed in the course of her life to solve problems or express her feelings. Her continuing reaction to emerging conditions of nature and social life gives birth to new ideas and new methods. These in turn, she uses to overcome difficulties which in the process of confrontation with reality g ive the solution to a vision, create art, or activate social transformation.The process of creation. Experts on the subject are one in their view that there are three major phases in the process of creation. First, the artist must have an idea second, he must have a material to work on and third, he must give form to his idea.The idea. Artist is highly sensitive persons especially aware of the things that surround them. They notice the sounds, colors, and movements of people and things. Art expression is based on the so-called higher(prenominal) senses of sight and sound, with the other senses playing more or less indirect roles. A particular experience may impress an artist so such(prenominal) that he decides to use it as the basis for a picture, a poem, a play or a dance. Depending on his cultural background, a painter may be attracted by anything. He paints a picture from a scene where most people do not think beauty existed.A novelist may write about the life and misfortunes of a woman whose husband, after failing to find a job, decides to go abroad and becomes unfaithful after a few years. The novelist would show us that the great social and economic problems of our times are essentially human problems and he would make us aware of the effects of advances in science and technology on human beings.A composer may write a musical fantasy in which the world of mystery and imagination explored. A dancer may do a dance on the pleasures and discomforts of growing up. As a basis for his dance movements, he might use the noble-mindedness of adolescence, the developing charm of boys and girls, their sensitivity, their awkwardness, and occasional loneliness.A study of arts is the study of humankind, for through the arts we can discover our major interests, feelings, and problems through the ages.Playwrights and novelists have always been concerned with the frailties of human being, with his hopes and fears, his courage and cowardice, his charity, and greed. Poets, with their artistry of statement, have given nobility and intensity to our human experiences. Through dance, the events of life are given symbolic and observance form.The material and Process. The second phase of creation in art concerns the material which the artist uses to give form to his idea. A painter uses pigments a sculptor uses stone, metallic element or wood an architect, various building materials. An author uses words a composer, musical sounds which are set down as notes. A choreographer uses people and their movements as the materials for his creations.The sculpture is something we can see or take in at a glance in its entirely, and so sculpture is an art of space. The sing we hear takes a number of minutes to be sung or the entire composition to be played and so music is an art of time. fundamental law and Form. The third phase in creating is organizing the idea and giving it form in the selected materials. Popular song writers use the conventional 32-measure lengt h. Poetry has a number of chiseled forms which are very much used the sonnet, the quatrain, the Spenserian stanza. Operas and plays are always divided into a number of acts.In several of the time arts, the works generally have a three-part structure an introductory section which sets the stage for what follows a middle section which develops the plot, the melody or the story and a concluding section which is the final work out of the forces and ideas which the artist has set in motion.Style is a term which refers to the development of forms in art that are related to particular historical periods. Forms in the space arts are often symmetrically balanced in their design that is, the two sides of the object are identical.Time has shown since that the severe criticisms were unjustified and we often wonder how people of the past could have disliked some of the works of art we now admire. It is the responsibility of each one of us to be open-minded. The intellect of the great art of all periods is a key to the understanding of the human being. There is a need to associate with great people or artists through their work in order to enrich and ennoble our own lives.

Addiction to Modern Technology Essay

Softw atomic number 18 for Accountants From Tax Preparation to Full Service AccountingWhether your business exclusively offers tax preparation services or provides full-spectrum chronicle services, its grievous to maintain a profitable investment in softw be program tools that allow you to accurately and efficiently perform your original services. Typical tools for accountants accommodate client write-up, auditing, tax preparation, payroll, and date and billing modules. Each of these modules are designed with the end-goal of managing 3rd party business relationship more effectively and efficiently.Multi-Company AccountingAccounting software designed for the professional accountant offers an advanced set of features beyond what is typically found in standard commercial be packages.One critical capability of software designed with the accountant in mind is the ability to handle accounting system for numerous corporate entities. Your accounting business may have dozens or yet hundreds of clients, whose financial data all needs to be accessed from the same software, yet kept completely separated. Increased security measures and a more complex database social organisation are two of the ramifications of managing books for multiple companies. Given the amount of data your business may store on clients, its important when considering unlike options, that you consider how the software handles tens of thousands of individual records. Even accountants with few clients can easily exceed the record capabilities of many non-accountant specific systems.See more Satirical essay about drugsThe effects of overloading a system can include reduced performance (freezes, waiting on reports) and even system access issues.An Emphasis on ReportingStrong reporting features are critical for accountants. Accountants are constantly creating reports for clients. If clients cant understand the reports, there is a major problem. Software designed for accountants typically offers additional report views distilling tuition into easily understandable formats such as executive reports, charts, and summary statements. Reports also need to be able created on an ad-hoc basis in order to dissolving agent questions that clients may have regarding their companys financial performance.Tax PreparationTax preparation is not straight-forward and simple. If it was, thousands of business likely wouldnt outsource their tax preparation to accounting firms. The reality is that preparing corporate tax information is a highly complex process. Tax preparation software is designed to make the process easier by charge updated tax tables, automatically performing complex calculations, and by assisting with electronic filing. No matter where you are or what local, state, provincial, or federal tax regulations apply, there are programs designed to help you quickly and accurately file your clients returns.Regulations CompliancePublic accounting firms are also on the front lines of keeping up with the accounting compliance regulations. rationality FASB, GASB 34, IFRS, DCAA and early(a) regulatory requirements is only part of the battle though for the public accountant. Software controls are constantly evolving to better meet the regulatory requirements of clients in different industries and access to the right tools can make the difference is securing clients with specific compliance requirements.Data Integrity and SecurityData integrity is another area of paramount concern for public accountants. A company doing their own books has an opportunity to reverse entries as errors are discovered. This is not the case with public accountants.The expectation is 100% accurate information the first date around.Software tools for accountants also focus on providing advanced security measures. Clients naturally have concerns about turning their data over to a 3rd party. Its important for accountants to be able to identify specific measures included in software tools wh ich can prevent fraud or loss of data.http//findaccountingsoftware.com/guide/industry/accounting/ The corrupt benefits accountantsThe age of the cloud has made the lives of many accountants much easier. Instead of constantly sending files back and forth, they now can run their desktop accounting software in the cloud and work with clients to manage their accounting.By using accounting and budgeting software in the cloud, accountants dont have to waste their time backtracking with clients, allowing them to spend more energy on providing they can provide other services such as analyzing their financial data and helping their clients improve their cashflow and profitability.The cloud allows accountants to become an integral part of their clients budgeting process, and eventually their business.Often, when a client feels a sense of trust for their accountant, they will begin relying on them for financial advice on other aspects of their business such as additional revenue/services, whe n it is right to use business credit cards and some of the best practices for successful recordkeeping.http//www.planguru.com/blog/accounting-software-in-the-cloud-b

Gifted and Talented Education in the United States Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this search is to find the best appearance for selecting and t apieceing enable children for happy and Talented development classs in the United States. It explores who exactly argon defined as gifted students and what their characteristics argon standardized compared to firm students. Then it explains main ways of selecting and give instructioning them and listing pros and cons of each regularity. Finally it concludes that in rate for Gifted and Talented Education in America to give full scope to gifted students ability, it is best to select children by using a send of Measures of Academic mature tribulation, Otis Lennon School mogul taste, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the rule called cluster grouping. macrocosmAlthough school districts in the United States recognize that gifted and dexterous students are children with unique advantage and excellence, state laws, local policies, and available funding vary wide in each state. wherefore each school has their own services and programme for gifted students and also in that location is uneven protection for gifted and talented students under the law. This holds back the progress of gifted students which means that the disparity of school districts is taking away the childrens capability, potential, and their future. Therefore, it is classical to unify the selection method and the bountiful idea of how to teach gifted students.There are many ways of selecting and teaching them, but the best way to select children is to use a set of Measures of Academic raise Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the cluster grouping method because these are the most trenchant way to select and teach gifted students in order to cultivate unique their skills and expand the possibilities for their future. In this paper, it will define what Gifted and Talented Education Program and who gifted students are, and explain what kin d of entrance exam for gifted education is the best. After that, according to the characteristics of gifted students, it will explore the best way of teaching them.Gifted and Talented Education ProgramGifted and Talented Education is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used to educate children who constitute been identified as gifted or talented. subject field Association for Gifted Children, NAGC, estimates that approximately 6% of the student population is gifted and talented (National Association for Gifted Children). The detailed aim of this education program differs from district to district, but the common aims that all school have are to develop students merits by following the lead of the gifted students since they have different speed of learning, most of the time faster, than regular students. Most of the decisions on gifted education are make at the state and local level.The Definition of Gifted StudentsThere is no standard global definition for gifted students to this day. US Department of Education defines them as children and youth with outstanding talent who perform or show the potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with differents of their age, experience, or environment (US Department of Education). However, there are many controversies among researchers over the definition of gifted students.In most school districts all over the United States, students who generally score high scores on aptitude campaigns or on periodic examinations were offered a analyze to receive Gifted and Talented Education Program (Maker and Nielson 5). However in this measurement, the students are selected based only on their general intelligence, which is a scholastic performance on coursework such as mathematical deliberation capabilities and reading abilities in English. Therefore, in the past several years, the researchers have been challenging the theories and the definition of the gifted students.Some researchers say gifted students are children who are highly proficient based on triarchic theory of intelligence formulated by Sternberg. He discussed in his theory that intelligence consisted of three aspects. First is the analytic skill, such as ability to comprehend abstractly and evaluate randomness. Second is the synthetic skill or creativity, the ability to invent novel solutions or ideas. Third is hardheaded skill, which enables people to cope with determinate situations.Also he proposed that intelligence involves distinct mental cognitive processes of three kinds (a) metacomponents, or executive processes needed for planning, monitoring, and evaluating problem solution (b) knowledge-acquisition components, used to gather information necessary to solve problems and (c) performance components, or processes needed to implement the commands issued by the metacomponents(Sternberg 7). According to Sternberg, gifted students are not needs those who are good at pro cessing general information but also students who are good communicating with people or who have much unique inspirations than others.Gardner defined intelligence as the ability to solve problems of fashion products that are valued in at least one culture (Gardner 4). In his research, it showed that there were at least seven different intelligences in people linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, and intrapersonal. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human existence could be masterful. Gifted children are those who are adept in unique aspects.The Criteria for Determination of Gifted StudentsThere are mainly three ways to test out students so that they can be identified as gifted and talented students a set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford attainment Test, WISC-IV, and a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect (Porter, section 2). The set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, usually expects students to score 96 percent in at least one subject and score more than 86 percent in OtisLennon School Ability Test, OLSAT. The Stanford Achievement Test mainly measures basic academic skills. OLSAT is a test of abstract thinking and reasoning ability. It is organized into tail fin areas, and it includes an equal number of verbal and non-verbal items each area which are verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, pictorial reasoning, figural reasoning, and quantitative reasoning (Otis-Lennon School Ability Test).This means that this measures students mostly students standard scholarship like standardized intelligence. WISC-IV shows IQ scores which shows essential information and critical clinical insights into a childs cognitive functioning. However, theories and the results of experiments by Gardner and Sternberg imply that schools in the United States should not define giftedness only by general intelligence or on IQ test scores of students. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Therefore, the two tests that were above-mentioned are not suitable to determine students as gifted and talented students since these focus mainly on basic academic achievements and not on other factors that students could be talented in.The set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect, this focuses many aspects that children could be talented in, like regular scholastic abilities, artistic creativity, and interpersonal relationships unlike two of the tests mentioned above. Therefore if this method is used as the entrance examination system to receive gifted and talented education, students who are in gifted education program would be able to get opportunities to blossom further by getting motivated and inspired by other talented children who are gifted in other aspects because this method allows to accept many different kinds of talented students in the education program. Hence it is best to unify the Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students to the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect.Characteristics of Gifted Students and the Adequate Way to Teach AccordinglyThere are many characteristics that gifted students have which regular students do not. Gifted learners usually have excellent memories and ability to understand concepts and principles quickly (Maker 104). Some of the gifted students have extraordinary capacity to input information and strategies with incredible fast time and naturally without so much effort put into it. This means that they only need little practice in order to acquire knowledge. However, they still do need to learn how to use the knowledge they acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating. It goes without saying that they already have this type of strategy, but it is important to develop their merits even more to their full extent.Dewy explains that most gifted learners fit into at least one of the following aspects (a) extraordinary ability to glide by ideas and feelings through with(predicate) words, actions, symbols, sounds, or other media of expression (b) outstanding ability to think things through and consider implications or alternatives (c) goal-oriented thought (d) abilities to use ideas, processes, or materials ingeniously and (e) an bizarre capacity for information acquisition and retrieval (344). He also explains that these kind of students need opportunities to express in some form that leads them to show their ideas, problem solutions, or conclusion and to make connections to previous knowle dge or experience (351).Opportunity for students to express what they have in their mind is important since learners can benefit from hearing, seeing, or reading how others analyzed their opinions because the method of expressing could be different from their own. Second reason is because others have a chance to analyze and evaluate their process and also their complete product of their thinking. Also, it is important because students need to be aware of their own mental processes in order to learn to control them (Clarke 118). Expressing is one of the best ways for gifted students to educate themselves and also get education from other peers in class.Group activities build leadership and characteristics of each student. Maker and Nielson states that because of the high degree of participation and the speedy pace of most games, gifted students usually maintain their interest in group-process (129). In most cases in an active group interaction, some kind of construction forms. For example, one is perceptive, responsive, and assertive to their opinions and feelings, one is seasoned listener and knits up discussion when needed, and one has sense of humor unifying the group with a warm atmosphere. angiotensin converting enzyme could even not be participating in a group interaction at all. In structured performance like this, students can sieve their uniqueness and skills they have and also influence each other positively by interacting with each other. One who is not participating at all seems like student is giving a negative influence, but in a group of gifted students, others who are participating have possibility to improve chat competency by trying to cope with him. Group process activities can be just a simple group discussion, or simulated accessible situations, or even games that need trust, willingness to open them up, and develop ability to support the group process activities.Considering all the characteristics of the gifted student learners, the b est way to teach is to use the method called the cluster grouping. Cluster grouping is an educational process in which four to six gifted and talented (GT) and/or high achieving students are assigned to an otherwise heterogeneous classroom within their grade to be instructed by a teacher that has had specialized training in differentiating for gifted learners (Winebrenner 177). assemble is not simply putting all the academiclly accelerated students into one classroom to study like other methods such as pull-outs, compacting, and enrichment which U.S. Government reported that these methods are generally unsuccessful in 1993.In cluster grouping, talented students are able to receive the place to express themselves to others in their individual way, develop their ability to use the knowledge they have acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating, and group activities. Schuler emphasizes that through cluster grouping the intellectual, social, and emotional needs of the gifted students can be communicate (section 4).There are many cleasr evidence that shows the advantages in cluster grouping. According to one survey, advantages include cost effectiveness, high challenge and expectations of students, faster progression through curricula, administrative ease in observation of services, increased understanding of GT students, and an improved opportunity to address the psychological needs of the GT students (Rogers 249). Other research has shown a 99% positive approval rating among parents of clustered children and a 90% positive approval rating among the children themselves. (Rogers 226). Therefore, it is clear that cluster grouping is a successful method to teach gifted students.ConclusionThere is clear evidence and reasonings that cluster grouping method and the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect for selective examination are the most effective and efficient way to use gifted education i n America. However, there are still many questions and problems unsolved even though the gifted and talented education in the United States started more than 100 years ago. One of the reasons is because that there are only few researchers who collect numerical data of gifted children. Many researchers most of the time only come up with new method of teaching or selecting gifted students but they do not publish clear evidence why they are successful. United States is in need of furthur research and experiments on gifted education and gifted students for the success of the future children and for the future of the United States.Clarke, John. Patterns of thinking Integrating learning skills in content teaching. Columbus, OH Merrill, 1986.Dewey, John. The child and the curriculum and the school and society. Chicago, IL University of Chiago Press, 1956Gardner, Howard. Five Forms of Creativie Activity A Developmental Perspective. Dayton, OH Ohio Psychology Press, 1994Maker, C. June and Al eene B. Nielson. Curriculum Development and Teaching Strategies for Gifted Learners. 2nd ed. Austin, TX Pro ed, 1995Rogers, Karen. Re-forming Gifted Education. Scottsdale, AZ Great Potential Press, 2002Schuler, Patricia. Cluster Grouping Coast to Coast, Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development. Danbury, CT University of Connecticut, 2005Sternberg, Robert. Conceptions of giftedness. New York, NY Cambridge University Express, 1986Winebrenner, Susan. Teaching Gifted Kids in the rhythmical Classroom. Minneapolis, MN Free Spirit Publishing, 2001Gifted and Talented Students U.S. Department of Education. http//www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg72.html.What is Gifted National Association for Gifted Children. http//nagc.org/WhatisGiftedness.aspx .America no Gifted Education no Kyouiku Jijyou Washington State University. 2 November. 2011. http//www.blog.crn.or.jp/report/02/130.html .

Acquisition of a Good Education

Education is defined as acquiring skills. There ar many different ways to be educated and many subjects that can be studied. A good education is one that teaches a student to think. This is proven by Edith Hamilton, Malcolm X, and Adrian Rich in their works to define what they believe about erudition and its importance to our innovation. In Edith Hamiltons essay, The Ever-present Past, she described a good education as one that is modeled after the ancient Greeks ideas. She defines being educated as being able to be caught up into a world of thought (752). The Greeks were taught to think.They were cultivated on an individual level so that they knew how to conceive ideas on their own. During the clock of the ancient Greeks students were shown how to appreciate poetry, music, arts, and mathematics. They carried their education of thought into their government and their ways of life. The era of the ancient Greeks was laid by the teachings of their schools and therefore helped make them into a notable civilization. Today, Hamilton believes that with our set(p) way of teaching we are not encouraging individuals to think. She concludes that we are headed towards a standardization of minds (756).Hamilton believes that we need to challenge our fraternity to shape our educational goals after those of the Greeks. With the problems our world faces we should study how the Greeks triumphed in a savage world and how they were educated to do so. Then maybe we can learn how to prevent the standardization of the minds in our society and avoid repeating the ill-fated history of the ancient Greeks (754). In Malcolm Xs, Freedom Through Learning To Read, a chapter of his autobiography, he describes a good education as being able to understand life. He wrote of how he desired to acquire more knowledge.This inner struggle began when he envied his friends intelligence and when he was unavailing to express himself eloquently in letters. From that point he began to read everythi ng. Malcolm X started by copying a dictionary to learn all the words he could. From there he never spent fifteen minutes free time without a book (48). As he studied the works of Mr. Elijah Muhammad he realized how the history of the black Americans were not included in most books. He searched to find a book to learn the history of the African-Americans and finally frame a few that taught him about slavery (49).Malcolm X said that through his domestic education a new world had been opened up to him. He achieved his goal of learning to read and through that obtain what is considered by many a good education. He was able to read, understand, and figure out ideas and opinions based on what he had read (53). Through reading Malcolm X was capable of expressing his own views and our society benefited greatly from this self-educated man. In Adrienne Richs, Claiming An Education, a speech given at Douglass College, she describes a good or serious education as the study of languages, ideas , methods, and values (58).Part of being educated is refusing to let others do your thinking, naming, or public lecture for you(59). Some of the most important things needed to fulfill intellectual independence are to learn the ways of rationalizing, deep discussions, and writing. Rich writes about how it is our own accountability to claim an education and how we should not sell ourselves short (59). In order to learn we first need to assess what we hear and read in our courses to form an opinion (57). In order to form an opinion, Rich says that we have to first commit ourselves to our studies and expect others to show us respect.Rich describes an education as a commitment and a responsibility (59). Throughout these essays the main ideas were that to be educated a student has to be an individual and be able to think. There are many arguments over what we should study and how we should be taught. There is no wrong or right way to teach or certain subjects that need to be studied. A s long as the students are taught to think for themselves and have the desire to learn, they will be able to obtain a good education.

Persuasive Speach – Buy vs. Rent

Project 4 Written Out strain Even in this economy it is pacify better(p) to deal a home then rent. I. Why pay rent and make the landlord plentifuler when you can own your own home for basically the homogeneous monthly payment and draw in the tax benefits yourself. II. In 2006 I was faced with having to make the decision to buy or rent. After researching found I could buy a 4 bedroom house in a uncorrupted area for same price of rental a 2 bedroom apartment. besides working for the government I knew the tax advantages I would get so I dont have to tell you which decision I went with.III. this instantadays I am going to show you that buying a house is a better choice then renting even in this liquid economy. IV. There are many programs that help people purchase a home. First time homebuyers even with bad credit can qualify. Do you have it out where to look? I will provide you with more or less internet sights that can be of assistance. V. There are many reasons why home buying is better than renting the few that I will talk about are 1. Long term buying cost less on a one-year basis then renting. 2. Good financial investment and let out interest rates and 3.Tax advantages Now that we are coming to a close on the semester some of you are going to be faced with the decision upon graduation as to whether you should buy or rent. I. If you have already decided that you will be staying in a certain area for at least 7 years it is shown that buying is cheaper than renting. a. On April 21st. 2010 the NY Times reported that if you remain in your home for 7 or more years you will save approximately $759/year over renting. b. Did you know you could also use the rent ratio to help localize what areas are better to buy in?To determine rent ratio you look at the average purchase price of a house and furcate that by rent of a similar house. If the rate is under(a) 20 it is a good indication to buy i. Some areas that are currently under 20 include Philadelphi a, New York. Boston. Washington, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, Sacramento and Los Angeles ii. In the 4th quarter of 2005 the rent ratio for Philadelphia was 17. 2, since then it has dropped to 16. 7 (4th quarter of 2009) this shows that now is still a better time to buy then rent in our area.In 2006 I had to evaluate my own circumstances and the Pros and Cons of buying vs. renting. II. I compared what I would pay for a 2 bedroom apt to what I would pay for a home. I found that I could buy a 4 bedroom house in a good area and get a mortgage with a 7. 5% interest rate. My monthly payment would have been the same as renting an apartment. a. Last year I refinanced with all the programs that were being given out because of the financial problems banks were having. I was able to get my interest rate down to 4. % and now my mortgage is only $750/month (and that includes my taxes being escrowed) b. Now where can you rent a 4 bedroom house for $750/month in a good stable area? c. Even though t he housing market is on the mend you can still get in on a low interest rate today at about 5. 13%. d. Owning home helps to build equity that you can use later in life for otherwise events like your child going to college adding an addition to your home. It also lets you be in control of your interior decorating and your outdoor landscaping.No need to sit around waiting on a landlord to come fix something that has broken, or losing a deposit if place isnt in condition the landlord wants it to be in. Buying a home has tax advantages that renting does not. III. When buying a house certain costs can be deducted on your tax returns giving you benefits instead of a landlord. a. Closing costs and points paid are deductible on Schedule A as Itemized deductions. b. You can also deduct your interest payments on your mortgage as sound as School Taxes, County Taxes, etc. c.Also recently added was that you can now claim PMI payments. d. Even if your itemized deductions are lower than the stan dard deduction you can still reap the tax benefits of being a homeowner. i. If you can not itemize you can claim an additional $500/1000 deduction (single/joint) added to the standard deduction line on the tax return. Today I have shown you that buying a home is better then renting. Conclusion Buying saves you money in the eagle-eyed run. Youre investing in your future and providing yourself with stability and security in your community.Your building up equity in your home as you pay off your mortgage and reaping the tax benefits instead of writing a check to a landlord and watching your money go out the window. You can find more entropy at the following sites www. Rentlaw. com, www. smartmoney. com, www. hud. gov/buying. comq. cfm, and to find out current mortgage rates you can visit www. bankrate. com I. So lets stop making others rich and give yourself the financial security and stability you deserve by owning the American dream. Your own home

Karl Marx and the Idea of Communism Essay

Karl Marxs claim that capitalism is important to human mountment plainly must be overcome and a formation put into redact that would eventually evolve into genialism is unrealistic. Although the predilection of communism, a social system designed to promote a mannikinless inn where everyone is sincerely equal and social problems such as racism, sexism and oppression do not exist, would be favour adequate to a capitalist society, it is unachievable as it doesnt comprehend an individuals personal desire, the compass kinspersones ability to lead or the growth and change that has occurred within capitalism since Marx.Capitalism is the social system currently within place in countries all over the world, where the means for producing and distributing goods argon owned by a small assembling of throng, the capitalists, and the labour pattern, is made up of the majority of the population who sell their labour for a wage. Marxs primal claim is that an individuals moral, phil osophical and religious ideas are reflections based on our material status and that they are not autonomous driving forces in history as others abide claimed. Marx concluded that sort of of shaping society, ideas were in fact shaped by society (Mann & Dann, 2005).By this he meant that the economic system of a society resolves what values and principles are upheld. Therefore, an outdate society would value attributes such as honour and commitment to declare pack in line, whereas a capitalist society would value freedom and equality to keep the workforce as large and as mobile as possible to keep down wages. When a societys economic conditions experience a fundamental change and a new-made class assumes supremacy after a political revolution has occurred and installed that leading class in power.Marx predicted that a communist revolution eliminating snobby property and the subjugation of one class by another would occur at the end of history society (Mann & Dann, 2005). Marx believed that done industrialisation, capitalism has plusd the clamsable capability of the worlds economy but had also manufactured two competing classes of people, the bourgeoisie, who controlled and owned the resources of production and employed wage labourers and the proletariat, who were everyday labour who didnt own anything but their individual right to ell the labour. He felt that the nature of capitalism would stop up that these two classes would eventually struggle against severally other until the point where the on the job(p) class would do respectable and subjugated enough that it would takeover the bourgeoisie and its production resources and end the economic system known as capitalism. A socialist system would them be put into place and pure communism would progressively develop (Mann & Dann, 2005).In Marxs theory communism is a period of historical progression that occurs from the expansion of productive forces leading to a surplus of material wealth, which allows for allocation based on freely related persons. The self-recovery of capitalism could not be predicted by Marx, as it was the introduction of a welfare state and trade unions that compete their part in improving the conditions and wage of the proles of the labour class.Commons (2009) suggested that against Marxs idea of the proletariat class becoming the ruling class of society, labour, as a class were inept in managing business and that the worker input and self-management werent feasible. Countries where workingmen devour united for joint production of goods and rendering all runs to become their own employees and have elected their own foremen, superintendents and directors have failed as labour as a class are inept to appoint their own boss because they base their election on compassion sooner than the individuals competence and discipline.Individual labourers who rise out of there own class is capitalism and labourers that rise as a class to become their own boss as a class is socialism, which is unrealistic as the labour class is composed of conflicting races, sexes, religions, ages and theres an inequality among peoples abilities and intelligence. These conflicting inequalities are brought to light in the competition for jobs and higher wages (Commons, J. R. , 2009).The great organisers of labour under a capitalist system are elected through natural selection within the industry, where the self-selection of leaders by the excerption in the competitive struggle for profits mean that individuals are elected by their own mastery not by the votes of the individuals who work for them. These leaders are responsible to the capitalists and not to the wage earners they command as they are selected by those whose whole consideration s the profits which the can bring to the company or industry (Commons, J. R. , 2009).Marxists alleged that profit making is pure selfishness, with the implication that if the wage earners were in control, public service and not ambition would be the motivating power behind manufacture. The difference between wage earning and profit making, if there is one, is hard to see as both are the process endeavouring to get as overmuch as possible for oneself with as little as possible (Commons, 2009). What Marx failed to see is the inherent selfishness of mankind, as each individual is self-serving to a degree, and how it would impact attempts to put into place a communist social system.In society labour, competition, capital and private property rights play an important role in creating an operational and no-hit economy. The division of labour allows for increases in the productive capabilities of labour and the specialisation of labour has moved society toward agriculture and manufacturing by encouraging the invention of greater technology. An individuals desire to live a comfortable conduct with their primary needs met creates and incentive for wage earning individuals to expend more effort within the industry to attain these wants and desires.Marxs theory of communism can be centralized around the theory that with the abolition of private property, people would move into the final stage of social order, communism ( justgereit & Carden 2011). But with the abolition of private property and the private ownership of the means to production, the monetary prices generated by exchange that are used to appraise factors of production and determine the proportions in which those factors should be used to produce final product would not exist.When these monetary exchanges disappear so do the profits and losses the market produce to guide businesspersons on whether final product is ask within society or the resources used are being wasted (Butgereit & Carden 2011). One of the benefits Marxs see for communism was that the sovereignty of the proletariat would speed up the already vanishing national differences and antagonism between people due to the development of the bourgeoisies the freedom of commerce, the world market, the uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of life consequent to those changes. done this political supremacy, the proletariats would seize the capital from the bourgeoisie to concentrate all tools of production in the hands of the state and therefore increase the total productive forces as rapidly as possible. He believed that respectively that as the exploitation of on individual by another would end, so would the exploitation and detestation of one nation by another and the animosity between classes within the nation would disappear (Mann & Dann, 2005).Although capitalism has seen the expansion of the global market, introduced the concept of civilisation and given it a universal character to production and exercise in every country, Marx saw it as the Bourgeoisie exploiting this world market and creating a universal inter-dependence of nations as all nations are compelled to adopt the bourgeoisie style of production or risk extinction (Mann & Dann, 2005).Through globalisation capitalism grew in strength and the emergence of new compromising ideologies such as social democracy, which is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state (New Oxford American Dictionary, 2005), are making it stronger still.While social democracy was established from Marxism, it has been effective in generating cooperation and agreement between labour and capital in developed countries, and has helped bring about the creation of new laws concerning to minimum wage, social security and the right to strike and demonstration, which reduced the level of inequalities on the working class.But in underdeveloped countries, where the free market system and democracy are not established enough, the working class face serious problems, where individuals are forced to work for below minimum wage and have no job security due the high level of unemployment. In these countries it can be seen that c apitalism still causes alienation within the labour class and Marxs idea where a communist society is designed to promote a classless society in which everyone is truly equal would be beneficial.Although this idea of a communist society is ideal, societies throughout history, such as the Soviet Union, which failed and collapsed on itself and the Chinese, which gradually eroded and had to abandon true communism for functional capitalism in order for the society to survive, have proven through experience and profound failure that communist beliefs do not describe a pat reality (Post-Communist Economic Systems, 2005).Although a communist society would be ideal to create equality among society, it is unrealizable as Marx didnt comprehend an individuals personal desire, the labour classes ability to lead or the growth and change that would occur within a capitalist society to decrease the size of the sparing inequality between the two classes. Through the introduction of democracy and globalisation, the capitalist social system was able to recover without dissolving into socialism and allowed laws to be put into place on behalf of labour class fail working conditions and higher wages.The individuals desire to earn a higher wage has allowed for globalisation to steadily increase the need for a larger quantity of products created by the worlds resources. The efficiency and productivity levels of modern society have been steadily increasing because of industrialisation and the progressive taxation techniques implemented after Marx have allowed for the reduction of inequalities between the working and capitalist classes.By taking into consideration the theories of Marx, the modern capitalist society is working to create a fairer working environment for the working class without turning to communism as history has shown, through failed experiences, that society needs some form of a capitalist social system to use resources in the most efficient and productive way.

D1 stakeholders in M&S Essay

There are many people and groups that comport an interest in the running and the functions of Oxfam and we call them place holders. Below I will give examples of situation holders and explain how they take an interest and how they model the company. Throughout D1 I will be stating the different stake holders and their influences in the business attach & Spencer. I will also be grading the different stakeholders from 1-10 depending on their affectivity in influencing changes in tag & Spencers. CustomersCustomers are big stakeholders in any retail business including Marks & Spencer. Customers contribute to profit levels and turnover through buying products and services. They also invite a large influence on the running of the business. This could be from requesting changes to better their needs or the needs of the environment. Without the clients of a business on that point would be no business simply because there would be no one to purchase the products. Customers are so impo rtant to the business that M&S introduced the loyalty card program which allows for redundant promotions, and special offers. This provides customers with more of a reason to shop with M&S due to the fact that it gives them bonuses for their loyalty. Customers demand a range of things, such as cheap prices, high quality products, and a high level of customer service.Evidence of the influence that customers strike is the implementation of the purchasing of carrier bags at the check-out till in their divers(a) stores. Customers will have complained that the business was not environmentally friendly enough due to their ethical persona. And this would have had an impact on the shareholders and they would have taken the information given into consideration and implemented change.For the Customers in Marks & Spencers I would grade them an 8 out of 10. This depends on the level the employee is at. All of the employees from managers to floor workers have a great deal of influence however the influence is greatened as you go higher up in the hierarchy. This is because the higher you are the more power and the closer you are to the shareholders who can choose whether or not to implement change.

One Laptop Per Child

Technology in Classrooms iodine laptop per Child-A Failed Idea? Is the use of technology benefiting the students in classrooms today or is It taking away from their program line? Should students be allowed to study easy opening to a com consecrateer during a lecture to find relevant information or is it a distraction that puts their attention onto something completely off subject? It has certainly been argued twain ways. As technology becomes more prominent In e realday life, the global knowledge base changes at the very(prenominal) time. Third gentleman, developing countries nonplus begun to turn back this hang, and be starting to accept It. adept proposed start-up for Introducing technology Into the classrooms of these countries was the One laptop computer per Child, a nonprofit organization that alms to provide laptops for the children of developing countries (One laptop computer per Child). Technology has certainly changed education, Thither Garments, a faculty memb er of a Montreal school, asserts the use of laptops and technology In school classrooms allows for schoolman success. He claims that by using computers concentration and motivation has increased as well as a way of successful tenet students important ND valuable computer skills (in Laptops in school classes cleanse scores).Robert Imaginer speaks on the behalf of students claiming that they are more eager to integrate the use of computers into school because they are motivated to learn from it, they typically al immortalisey know how to use one before starting school, and they are more likely to learn and understand the importance of technology which entrust dish up them with any future tense academic and employment opportunities. Imaginer claims that students have shown expectant excitement and are very curious in the classrooms with the foundation of computers.He verbalize that teachers are seeing less and less absenteeism and behavioral issues through this technologica l learning mood (Imaginer). The use of technology is becoming more, and more valuable, as we get older and get busier, the use of computers assistance manage our everyday, somewhat complicated lives no matter if we are in the classroom or non. go some strongly agree that computers are a good thing and should be used in every school classroom, there are also those who disagree by providing reasons why computers leave not help in educating students.Paul Lam reported that both teachers ND students worry that computers in the classroom will be very distracting. Students agreed, proverb that computers would take their attention away from what their teacher was saying. Teachers noticed that when computers were allowed during class time, students werent looking at up, and they would smile at the computer screen, or be typing during Inappropriate times (Lam). Yes, computers are useful, unless they take attention away from Important lectures and class time. Its Important for these th ird terra firma countries such(prenominal) as India, Peru, Kenya, and Afghanistan to continue to grow with this global change.Technology Is being used more. And more, and it screw be very helpful alter education especially in these countries. Even though they are at different stages of developing, as the world moves forward in development, countries to be choosey to incorporate those changes. Technology is a new and very boastfully change, it is one change, scarcely a very important one not only have access to it, but to also know how to effectively and efficiently use it. Everyone, everywhere can benefit it sometimes it Just takes time to figure off the best way. Integrating technology is an issue all on its own.Countries may want to eave the ability to access technology, and westerly cultures may want to push the use of technology, but its not always that easy. Technology has quickly taken over the world that we live in, we use it everyday, everywhere. The program, One Lap top per Child was designed to send low-cost, specially designed laptops to children in developing third world countries. According to the OLAP website, their mission is to empower the worlds poorest children through education (One Laptop per Child) by providing them with this laptop.Kenneth Kramer says that OLAP put in a lot of effort to design a computer that loud withstand both the different and difficult conditions in a developing world country environment. Kramer stated that the designers had a great understanding of what developing countries needed when it comes to introducing technology. The computers are sealed, made to keep dirt out. The screen can read in bright sunlight, runs on very low power, and has a built in wireless constitution (Kramer). Whats the best dampen? These computers were set to be only $100, completely affordable, right?The governments of these countries can purchase the computers and they can afford to give them to all the children. They have an importa nt goal that no one is left out. all(prenominal) children should be able to experience the use of technology. One MIT professor, and adviser to the OLAP, Seymour Appear, talked about the benefits of the program saying that through the use of computers children can do anything, they will take charge of knowledge (Appear). With this program they will have access to computers, and they will have their own computer all the time.This will allow students everywhere, especially in developing countries to learn (Appear). Of course there are many cons and negative feedback based upon this program. There are always going to be two sides and its important to look and understand both of them. From the New York Times, scourger David Vogue says it perfectly by saying, think again. This laptop is not intend for the sneaky floggers. This laptop is intended for poor kids in other(a) countries. And for that, I say its amazing (Vogue, 0343).Nicholas Negotiate, founder of OLAP, says that these comput ers have now been distributed to 2,000 students across the globe, in 40 different countries, and available in 25 different languages. Negotiate goes on to say that 25% of teachers in developing countries re il literate person and have very poor education. The other 25% teaching didnt finish school themselves, someone teacher fifth grade may only have a sixth grade education. These computers will not Just teach students, it will allow non-student adults to learn too.Negotiate verbalize that we he first started this project people told him that you cant Just build a laptop that is connected, give it a kid and walk away. He responded with, you know what, you can, you actually can, and we have found that kids in the remotest part of the world, when give that connected not only teach homeless how to read and write, but most importantly, thy teach their parents how to read and write (Negotiate 2010, 0352). In a separate interview, Nicholas Negotiate says that the most important part of this project isnt that children will have their own laptop, its that this will become a part of society.This project has education (Negotiate 2009). One Laptop per Child, has been widely criticized by many for not actually helping children. Jeffery James, quoted in a Journal condition by Jeanine Renders, argues that the OLAP program leads to too much time spent focusing on computers and rumoring the use of the Western technology and way of life that not enough effort will be put into other forms of education that are of equal or greater importance (Renders). Lisa Marie Allen argues that Western cultures have a yearn history of trying to put their values, beliefs and way of life into non-western cultures.They are constantly exploring different ways to help these developing counties, when in reality they have little knowledge or understand of these third world countries, which are at a completely different stage of development. What Westerners believe to be a rarity, these non-weste rn countries dont see as a priority. She states that in many countries such as Ghana, education is not a priority. galore(postnominal) children need to stay home, do chores and work for their families. They are not concerned with being computer literate (Allen).Eileen and Michael Benson continued this argument, by saying that OLAP believes that, one educational model is suitable for all educational environments and that the in style(p) educational approach should displace, historic, locally developed teaching approaches (Person, 243). Pelham agrees saying that Hess countries dont need laptops, building schools and libraries is a bigger priority and will be more beneficial for students in developing countries. These students will go without pencils and opus while the computers end up being sold on the black market. Bringing laptops to the worlds poorest children could be the educational equivalent of delivering cans of food to people who have no can-openers (Pelham, 76). Paula Coo k Mackinac talks about why teachers in developing countries have a hard time bringing the use of laptops into their education plans. Mackinac says hey have very little knowledge about how to use computers themselves, let alone having to teach young students how to use them. Teachers said they need technological support if they want to incorporate technology in school classrooms of these developing countries, and they dont have it (Mackinac).Did One Laptop Per Child fail or succeed with their mission? Its up to individual definition and what is or should be important, as well as what has happened versus what was supposed to happen. Yes, computers were distributed to over 2,000 children throughout the world, and they have emphatically erudite from it. Many resources say it failed and they critique every aspect, but why did it fail? Computers were distributed and studies have showed that children learned from them. Sure, developing countries could use buildings, food and water more, but education is important.These laptops are Just one part of helping developing countries more forward with the rest of the world. In reality, there isnt enough information to say for certain if this project truly failed or succeed. It would definitely be beneficial to research and find out exactly what happened with OLAP. Did students benefit from the program and the use of computers? Or did they slowly fade out? Do computers in class actually help students? What do advocates and critics think about OLAP and technology in classrooms?The more kindle an issue gets, the more information, research, and solutions will be made or educational problems of the worlds poor (Weyerhaeuser, 46). Weyerhaeuser continues by saying the process of improving education with technology is at a very early stage. To make such a change will take time and the use of several different professionals (Weyerhaeuser). One Laptop per Child is definitely an area of study that should be continued. This is a pro gram that needs to succeed, education is see for children and everyone has the right to one.

Contributing Factors to Low Performing Students

Contributing Factors to showtime Performing Students In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts major in advocate and Counseling CHAPTER 1 Introduction Students are facing with many issues in their lives, and because of the competing topics for your attention, its hard to tighten on studying. canvass can seem very boring when compared to any other exciting activity. You may even prefer doing non-sense things rather than to study your lessons.Too many peck treat studying as the thing to do when you get around to it or have some spare time, too many people look at studying as necessary task, not an enjoyment or an opportunity to learn. ( Grohol, 2006 ) Studying is substantial in our lives, especially to the lives of the students. Each student as unique individual has opposite abilities, approaches, slipway of thinking, interests and ways of studying the lessons. These individual differences have significant influences on ones acquire style and a cquisition.Each student has different methods and ways of studying and these methods are sometimes helpful but some are not as effective as the others. (Oppapers, 2010) http//www. termpaperware signal. com/essay-on/Study-Habits-Chapter-1/82775 Students low performance in aim is not without consequences to either the students themselves or the school system. Problems like difficulty of adjustment to school works, distance of parents, rebellion against authority, feeling of basic inferiority and pecuniary difficulty are often manifested by underachievement in school.However, these variables have contributed to the success or failure in the four year stay in high school but are perceived in different perspectives by the individual assimilators (Soberano, 2000). Bar-On and Parker (2000) stated that the school is a social environment with many demands on social competence. The young people who fail to get along with their peers in the classroom are seeming to be perceived as distract ible or even disruptive, thus affecting their performance and progress in school.Family relationship is considered to be an important factor in student life. Schneiders indicate that from the very start it is the family and especially the parents, who ensure the satisfaction of basic physical and psychological needs on the basis of which intense and constant ties are ordinarily established. The close affinity between youth and the home has significant implications for personality partment. As the evidence indicates, the personality development of teen-agers is to an important degree a measure of home and family influences.As pointed by Franken (Batingal, 2007), children developing up in a positive family atmosphere, whose parents are involved in their schooling tend to develop remedy self-regulation and also do better in school. However, irresponsible, unstable job of parents and lack of financial and moral support to their siblings has resulted the students low esteem, less mo tivated in their school performance. Moreover, expertise of intimacy of the teachers in his field of studies and effective classroom management plays a significant factor of the students academic performance and achievements.Since given the best teacher in terms of knowledge ability and potentials, if he lacks the ability to control his students in the classroom, teaching cannot be effective and thus, no learning will bewilder place (Acero, Javier, and Castro, 2007). Individual characteristics such as age, sex, and parents educational attainment are important factors in achieving better education outcomes. Adolescents encounter varied obstacles during their entire school life. Academic performance is affected by the characteristics of the learners environment.One of which is, living environment, whether one lives in the home or in the lodging/boarding house show an effect on the academic performance of students. Graceda (Soberano, 2000) discusses that the impact of the types of re sidential arrangement and some important factors, like I. Q. , parents relationships and socio-economic status of the family correlate in each residential arrangement indicates lower academic performance. On the other hand, adolescent peers also affect how well and how much they learn. Peers provide models that can encourage or discourage learning. However, by and large, peers have harmful effect on grades.Over half the students surveyed said that they did not dialogue about school work with their friends. In fact, merely 1 in 5 said he or she did not do as well as possible for fear or earning the rebuke of peers (Rathus, 2001). The major findings of the study from National Center for Education Statistics, compared with students with friends who showed little interest in learning, those with friends who cared about learning had better educational outcomesthey were less likely to drop out of school and more likely to be enrolled in an academic program, graduate from high school, an d continue their education after graduating.On the other hand, students with friends who were interested in having sex, drinking, and using drugs experienced less desirable educational outcomes. These students experienced a higher rate of dropping out of school and a lower rate of being enrolled in academic programs, graduating from high school, and act postsecondary education (nces. ed. gov).

Public Toilet

G answer B F A 1) J I C E D 2) Cycle Time (CT) = Productive judgment of conviction per moment Output per solar solar daylight = 7 hrs. /day X 60 hour/hr X 60 moment/ instant one C8 wholes/day = 25, two hundred sec blow8 unit of measurement of measurements = 25 sec/unit 6 5 4 3 2 1 3) Workstation = J I G H F E C D B ATask Time 24 25 25 25 25 24 Idle Time = 1 0 0 0 0 1 ( Total = 2 sec ) 4) WS = congeries of project times Cycle time (CT) = 148 sec 25 sec/units = 5. 2 ? 6 units of WS 5) Efficiency = Sum of task times X deoxycytidine monophosphate% CT * Actual of (WS) = 148 sec * 100 % ( 25 sec/units * 4 units of WS) = 98. 67 % ) Idle time per units = (CT * actual of WS) sum of task times = (25 sec/unit X 6 units of WS) 148 seconds = 2 sec/units Idle time in seconds per day = idle time per units X outfit per day (in unit) = 2 sec/unit X 1008units/day = 2016 sec/day Idle time in hour per day = Idle time in seconds per day 60 min/hr X 60 sec/min = 2016 sec/day 60 min/hr X 60 sec/min = 0. 56 hr/day Thus,The apostrophize of idling per week = Idle time in hour per day X wage rate per hour X working day per week = 0. 56 hr/day X RM 40 per day = RM 22. 40 per week QUESTION 4 Claytan Fine China, a well-known dinner ware manufacturing business has upgraded its moulding procedure by using the most sophisticated equipment. The mouding process consists of 10 elements. The following plank shows the task element in alphabetical order and their precedence element task(s) and times in seconds.Task piece Precedence Task Task Time (seconds) A - 24 B A 25 C A 13 D - 10 E C, D 12 F B, E 11 G B 15 H - 14 I F,G. H 10 J I 24 1. Draw a precedence diagram 2. If the expected weekly output is 5040 dinner sets and mundane productive time is 7 hours (in a 5 day work-week), compute the cycle for the process. 3. Compute the supposed number of workstations. 4. Arrange the task element into proper workstations by using the longest task-time heuristic/rule. 5. fa ncy the efficiency of the balanced line and balance delay. 6. If the wage rate is RM 40 per day, calculate the idleness woo per week.QUESTION 8 Hakim Bidaman Enterprise is in the process of developing an aggregate capacity plan for the calendar calendar month of Jan-Sept 2010. The company has gathered the data as shown in the following table MONTH Jan Feb damage Apr may Jun Jul Aug Sept Forecast Demand (unit) 5000 4900 4500 4200 6 three hundred 5000 5100 4800 4700 Other information to be considered 1. Each output requires 26 indorsement to be produced. 2. Labour approach per hour is RM 5. 00 3. overtime rate per hour is RM 7. 50 4. Overtime disposed to 4 workers only with a limitation of 2 hours per day. 5. Beginning inventory is cd units. . The inventory carrying cost is RM 2. 40 per unit. 7. Hiring cost per worker is RM 400 and lay off cost per worker is RM 600 8. Subcontracting cost is RM 20 per unit. 9. Current workforce level is 10 workers. 10. The company operates 8 hours daily in 26 eld a month. Determine the production cost for the planning horizon by using all tail fin strategies. Apply information given as necessary for a certain strategy. ANWER STRATEGY 1 periodical forecast output = number of day per monthly X daily standard output = 26 days (60 sharps/hr ? 6 minutes/unit X 8 hours/day) = 480 units per worker per month MONTH medical prognosisDEMAND ( social unit)=UNIT PRODUCED CURRENT WORKER WORKERS REQUIRED HIRE LAY OFF Jan 5000 400 = 4600 10 4600/480 = 10 Feb 4900 10 4900/480 = 10 Mar 4500 10 4500/480 = 9 1 Apr 4200 9 4200/480 = 9 may 6 three hundred 9 6300/480 = 13 4 Jun 5000 13 5000/480 = 10 3 Jul 5100 10 5100/480 = 11 1 Aug 4800 11 4800/480 = 10 1 Sept 4700 10 4700/480 = 10 44100 5 5 TOTAL PRODUCTION make up Regular production cost = (44100 units) X (RM5/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 0 minute/hr) = RM 95,550 accept worker = (5 worker) X (RM400) = RM 2,000 Lay off worker = (5 worker) X (RM600) = RM 3,000 Thus, int egral cost = RM 100,500 STRATEGY 2 Units Produced = (number of day per monthly) X (working days per pe daily) X (standard output per day) = (10 worker) X (26 day) X (60 minutes/hr ? 26 minutes/unit X 8hr) = 4800 unitsMONTH FORECAST DEMAND (UNIT) UNIT PRODUCED UNITEXCESS UNIT SHORTAGE OTUNITS ENDINV Jan 5000 400 = 4600 4800 200 200 Feb 4900 4800 100 100 Mar 4500 4800 300 300 Apr 4200 4800 600 600 May 6300 4800 1500 1500 Jun 5000 4800 200 200 Jul 5100 4800 300 300 Aug 4800 4800 - - - Sept 4700 4800 100 100 43200 1800 1500 TOTAL PRODUCTION woo Regular Production embody = (43200 units) X (26 days ? 8 hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 60,840 Overtime monetary value (1800 unit) X (RM7. 50/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 5,850 Inv. Holding bell = (1500 unit) X (RM2. 40 per unit) = RM 3,600 Thus, total cost = RM 70,290 STRATEGY 3 Units Produced = (number of day per monthly) X (working days per pe daily) X (standard output per day) = (10 worker) X (26 day) X (60 minutes/hr ? 26 minutes/unit X 8hr) = 4800 units MONTH FORECAST DEMAND (UNIT) UNIT PRODUCEDUNITEXCESS UNIT SHORTAGE OTUNITS ENDINV Jan 5000 400 = 4600 4800 200 200 Feb 4900 4800 100 100 Mar 4500 4800 300 300 Apr 4200 4800 600 600 May 6300 4800 1500 900 Jun 5000 4800 200 200 Jul 5100 4800 300 300 Aug 4800 4800 - - - - Sept 4700 4800 100 100 43200 1400 1300 TOTAL PRODUCTION COST Regular Production Cost = (43200) X (RM5/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 0 minute/hr) = RM 93,600 Overtime Cost = (1400 units) X (RM5/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 3,033 Inv. Holding Cost = (1300 units) X (RM2. 40 per unit) = RM 3,120 Thus, total cost = RM 99, 753 STRATEGY 4 Units Produced = (number of day per monthly) X (working days per pe daily) X (standard output per day) = (10 worker) X (26 day) X (60 minutes/hr ? 26 minutes/unit X 8hr) = 4800 unitsMONTH FORECAST DEMAND (UNIT) UNIT PRODUCED UNITEXCESS UNIT SHORTAGE OTUNITS ENDINV Jan 5000 400 = 4600 4800 200 200 Feb 4900 4800 100 100 Mar 4500 4800 300 400 Apr 4200 4800 600 1000 May 6300 4800 1500 1500 Jun 5000 4800 200 200 Jul 5100 4800 300 300 Aug 4800 4800 - - - - Sept 4700 4800 100 100 43200 1000 1800 TOTAL PRODUCTION COST Regular production cost = (43200) X (RM5/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 0 minute/hr) = RM 93,600 Overtime Cost = (1000 units) X (RM7. 50/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 3,250 Inv. Holding Cost = (1800 units) X (RM2. 40 per unit) = RM 4,320 Thus, total cost = RM 101,170 STRATEGY 5 Units Produced = (number of day per monthly) X (working days per pe daily) X (standard output per day) = (10 worker) X (26 day) X (60 minutes/hr ? 26 minutes/unit X 8hr) = 4800 unitsMONTH FORECAST DEMAND (UNIT) UNIT PRODUCED UNITEXCESS UNIT SHORTAGE OT UNITS(max=480Unit) ENDINV SUBUNIT Jan 5000 400 = 4600 4800 200 200 Feb 4900 4800 100 100 Mar 4500 4800 300 400 Apr 4200 4800 600 1000 May 6300 4800 1500 480 20 Jun 5000 4800 200 200 Jul 5100 4800 300 300 Aug 4800 4800 - - - - Sept 4700 4800 100 100 43200 980 1800 20 Overtime unit max = 4 X 2 X 26 per month ? 6 month/unit X 60 minute/unit = 480 units TOTAL PRODUCTION COST Regular Production Cost = (43200) X (RM5/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 93,600 Overtime Cost = (980 units) X (RM7. 50/hr) X (26 minute/unit ? 60 minute/hr) = RM 3,185 Inv. Holding Cost = (1800 units) X (RM2. 40 per unit) = RM 4,320 Subcontracting Cost = (20 units) X (RM20 per unit) = RM 400 Thus, total cost = RM 101,505